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Disaster Response SMARTbook 3 – Disaster Preparedness, 2nd Ed. (Personal, Community & Organizational Readiness) is the updated 376-page second edition of this book. The material has been completely updated and refocused as a planning and preparation guide; topics include disaster fundamentals, personal preparedness, community preparedness, organizational preparedness, natural disasters (hurricanes, earthquakes, wildfires, floods & landslides, volcanoes, tsunamis, tornadoes, drought, famine & extreme heat, blizzards & ice storms, outbreaks, epidemics & pandemics), man-made disasters (hazardous material incidents, nuclear events, explosions & chemical spills, civil disturbances, terrorist incidents, active shooters, cyber threats), and recovering from a disaster.

Always check our website for the most current and up-to-date SMARTbook edition! The Lightning Press is committed to providing the best and most relevant doctrinal material to our readers and are vigilant in reviewing new publications, anticipating upcoming doctrinal releases, and incorporating the updated material into our SMARTbook series!

On-Scene, All-Hazards Incident Management

Disaster can strike anytime, anywhere. It takes many forms—a hurricane, an earthquake, a tornado, a flood, a fire, a hazardous spill, or an act of terrorism. An incident can build over days or weeks, or hit suddenly without warning. ICS is the national standard for response.

The Incident Command System (ICS) helps ensure integration of our response efforts. ICS is a standardized, on-scene, all-hazards approach to incident management. ICS allows responders to adopt an integrated organizational structure that matches the complexities and demands of the incident while respecting agency and jurisdictional authorities.

A poorly managed incident response can undermine our safety and well-being. With so much at stake, we must effectively manage our response efforts. Although most incidents are handled locally, partnerships among Local, Tribal, State, and Federal agencies as well as nongovernmental and private-sector organizations may be required. As partners, we must respond together in a seamless, coordinated fashion.

Every profession is made up of tools and ways to use them. The same is true for the ICS. This means that there is an art to how tools are used to make them the most effective. The better someone understands how the tools and methods interact with each other, the greater that person’s potential for making the ART of emergency management work smoothly. By having responders who use a common methodology across the whole spectrum of the response community the opportunity for similar efficiencies in application of the tools (the art) becomes a collective efficiency.

The ICS SMARTbook provides a detailed explanation of ICS as outlined in FEMA Emergency Management courses 100, 200, 300, 400, 700, 703, and 800; including 2015 updates. It is designed to serve as an introduction to ICS concepts, methods, and organization, as a pocket reference for experienced responders, or as a desk reference for emergency planners, community leaders, or any responder involved in the Multiagency Coordination process.

Incident Command System chapters and topics include ICS Purpose, Features and Principles; ICS Command and Staff Functions; ICS Leadership and Management; ICS Dealing with Complexity; ICS Planning; ICS Briefings and Meetings; ICS Organizational Flexibility; ICS Incident and Event Management; ICS Resource Management; ICS Resource Management Process; ICS Demobilization; ICS Terms and Definitions; and ICS Forms.

Multi-Domain Guide to Offensive/Defensive CEMA and CO

CYBER1: The Cyberspace Operations & Electronic Warfare SMARTbook (Multi-Domain Guide to Offensive/Defensive CEMA and CO) topics and chapters include cyber intro (global threat, contemporary operating environment, information as a joint function), joint cyberspace operations (CO), cyberspace operations (OCO/DCO/DODIN), electronic warfare (EW) operations, cyber & EW (CEMA) planning, spectrum management operations (SMO/JEMSO), DoD information network (DODIN) operations, acronyms/abbreviations, and a cross-referenced glossary of cyber terms.

United States armed forces operate in an increasingly network-based world. The proliferation of information technologies is changing the way humans interact with each other and their environment, including interactions during military operations. This broad and rapidly changing operational environment requires that today’s armed forces must operate in cyberspace and leverage an electromagnetic spectrum that is increasingly competitive, congested, and contested.

Cyberspace is a global domain within the information environment consisting of the interdependent network of information technology infrastructures and resident data, including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers. Operations in cyberspace contribute to gaining a significant operational advantage for achieving military objectives.

Cyber electromagnetic activities (CEMA) are activities leveraged to seize, retain, and exploit an advantage over adversaries and enemies in both cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum, while simultaneously denying and degrading adversary and enemy use of the same and protecting the mission command system (ADRP 3-0). CEMA consist of cyberspace operations, electronic warfare, and spectrum management operations.

Cyberspace operations (CO) are the employment of cyberspace capabilities where the primary purpose is to achieve objectives in or through cyberspace (JP 3-0). Cyberspace operations consist of three functions: offensive cyberspace operations, defensive cyberspace operations, and Department of Defense information network operations.

Electronic warfare (EW) is any military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy. EW consists of three functions: electronic attack, electronic protection, and electronic warfare support. These functions are referred to as divisions in joint doctrine.

Spectrum management operations (SMO) are the interrelated functions of spectrum management, frequency assignment, host-nation coordination, and policy that enable the planning, management, and execution of operations within the electromagnetic operational environment during all phases of military operations. SMO are the management portions of electromagnetic spectrum operations (EMSO). EMSO also include electronic warfare.

Department of Defense information network (DODIN) operations are operations to secure, configure, operate, extend, maintain, and sustain DOD cyberspace.

Cybersecurity ensures the confidentiality, integrity, availability, authentication, and nonrepudiation of friendly information and information systems while denying adversaries access to the same information and information systems. Cybersecurity incorporates actions taken to protect, monitor, analyze, detect, and respond to unauthorized activity on DOD information systems and computer networks.

Planning, Executing, and Assessing FHA/DR Operations

Foreign humanitarian assistance (FHA), to include foreign disaster relief, consists of Department of Defense (DOD) activities, normally in support of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) or Department of State (DOS), conducted outside the United States, its territories, and possessions to relieve or reduce human suffering, disease, hunger, or privation.

FHA activities conducted by US Armed Forces range from steady-state program activities supporting geographic combatant commanders (GCC) security cooperation and related programs to conducting limited contingency operations in support of another United States Government department or agency. FHA operations can be supported by other activities conducted by US military forces or they may be conducted concurrently with other types of related operations and activities such as dislocated civilian support, security operations, and foreign consequence management.

The Department of Defense has unique assets for effective response and can play a key role in foreign humanitarian crises. For example, the US military possesses exceptional operational reach that can be employed to enhance an initial response. Additionally, the US military augments private sector capability and thus limits threats to regional stability. Furthermore, the US military’s unmatched capabilities in logistics, command and control (C2), communications, and mobility are able to provide rapid and robust response to dynamic and evolving situations among vastly different military, civilian, and government entities.

Regardless of where the U.S. military conducts operations, the complex and ambiguous nature of today’s contemporary operational environment will often include large groups of displaced populations -- to include refugees, internally displaced persons, migrants, and stateless persons.

Population and resources control (PRC) consists of two distinct, yet linked, components: populace control and resources control. For practical and security reasons, military forces employ PRC measures of some type and to varying degrees across the range of military operations.

Noncombatant evacuation operations (NEOs) are conducted by the DOD to assist in evacuating US citizens and nationals, DOD civilian personnel, and designated persons whose lives are in danger from locations in a foreign nation to an appropriate safe haven, when directed by the Department of State.

Foreign consequence management (FCM) is assistance provided by the U.S. government to an impacted nation to mitigate the effects of a deliberate or inadvertent chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) incident.

This SMARTbook is currently in development, projected for release in the 2019-2020 timeframe.

Red Team Army: Forces, Operations & Tactics

In today’s complicated and uncertain world, it is impossible to predict the exact nature of future conflict that might involve U.S. forces. This is the nature of the contemporary operational environment (COE), and training for such an environment requires a different type of Opposing Force (OPFOR) than that of the past.

When the Army established its OPFOR program in 1976 with Army Regulation 350-2, it defined an OPFOR simply as “an organized force created by and from U.S. Army units to portray a unit of a potential adversary armed force.” Thus, all OPFORs were originally threat-based, in the sense that they replicated the forces, capabilities, and doctrine of a particular country officially recognized as a threat or potential adversary. In the midst of the Cold War, the 1976 regulation identified only one potential adversary against which to train: the Soviet Union. Over time, the Army developed other OPFORs.

The Soviet threat was described in great detail in the '80s with the FM 100-2 series. The three-volume set was the definitive source of unclassified information on Soviet ground forces and the Soviet model of combined arms warfare. Used together, the series provided a thorough reference on the Soviet Army. Initiatlly, these publications were distritubution-restricted publications limited to US Government agencies. The series is now out-of-print and largely unavailable.

It has been nearly thirty years since a holistic explanation of the Soviet-based Opposing Force (OPFOR) was examined in the U.S. Army Field Manual 100-2 series. Recognizing this, OPFOR SMARTbook 3: Red Team Army re-examines and outlines the doctrinal operational construct and historical foundations of Soviet-era military forces from the FM 100-2 series. Second, OPFOR SMARTbook 3 reorganizes that foundational material and aligns it in keeping with contemporary military doctrinal taxonomy to include ADRP 3-0 Unified Land Operations and ADRP 3-90 Offense and Defense (Tactics). Third, OPFOR SMARTbook 3 translates and bridges the strategic- and operational-level doctrine into tactical application at the small-unit level. Through this triangulation, a more modern rendition of Red Team Armies emerges.

Topics and chapters include Red Team Army Overview (Military Doctrine, Operational Concept, Personnel & Training, Force Structure, Motorized Rifle Regiment), Offensive Operations (Front & Army Operations, Division and Lower Tactics, Small Unit Tactics), Defensive Operations (Prepared Defense, Hasty Defense, Withdrawal & Relief, Small Unit Tactics), Specialized Warfare (Airborne, Heliborne, Amphibious, Unconventional Warfare), Tactical Enabling Tasks (Reconnaissance, River Crossings, Troop Movement, Relief in Place, Passage of Lines, Checkpoints), Small Unit Drills (Movement & Formations, Dismounted and Mounted Patrols), Urban & Regional Environments (Urban, Mountain, Desert, Cold Wx, and Nighttime Operations), and Rear Area Operations & Logistics.

National Preparedness & Regional Coordination (NRF/NIMS/MAC)

As a Nation we must maintain a state of readiness to respond to both natural disasters and man-made threats. National response and preparation is the term used to describe the efforts of Federal preparation and Regional coordination of resources and materials required for the material, financial, and cooperative support of all-hazards response at the State, Tribal, and Local level. At the National level, these efforts reflect consideration of both disaster response and national security requirements.

The National Response Framework (NRF) and National Incident Management System (NIMS) provide framework and function for the concepts, structures, and coordination involved the preparation and coordination of the knowledge, systems, and resources required for all-hazards response.

NRF includes all presidential directives, plans, and programs, associated with disaster response and all support efforts provided by those agencies not directly tied to disaster response, but offering support. NIMS directs and standardizes aspects of coordination and cooperation within and between Federal and Regional response efforts.

Critical infrastructure is a term used by governments to describe assets that are essential for the functioning of a society and economy - the infrastructure. Protection is the preservation of the effectiveness and survivability of personnel, equipment, facilities, information, and infrastructure.

The Multiagency Coordination System (MACS) is a system that provides the architecture to support coordination for incident prioritization, critical resource allocation, communications systems integration, and information coordination. Multiagency Coordination Systems assist agencies and organizations responding to an incident.

This SMARTbook provides a detailed explanation of National Response Framework (NRF) and National Incident Management System (NIMS), as well as discussion of the Multiagency Coordination Systems (MACS) as a skill set. It is designed to serve as a comprehensive reference to NRF and NIMS concepts, reference documents, and application; as a pocket reference for experienced responders; or as a desk reference for emergency planners, community leaders, or any responder involved in the process of preparation and coordination of response support and leadership.